The authors examine the spatial dynamics and distribution of the population and analyze the features and nature of Ulaanbaatar, the capital of Mongolia, development. A geoinformation system that enables spatial analysis of data and obtaining new knowledge at multi-scale levels was created. Based on the compiled maps, intra-district differences are described in terms of khoroo, showing real differentiation within the city. The feature of the article is the study of the territory at the level of urban microdistricts (khoroo), which is practically focused along with the possibility of using the results obtained for operational management and identifying various problems, such as those of unbalanced development of the urban area, due primarily to the colossal intra-city differentiation of many factors, for instance, the dynamics and distribution of the population, the provision of infrastructure facilities, transport accessibility, etc. The study revealed that the city`s population is gradually shifting to new residential developments surrounding the center, with relatively good social conditions, while at the same time the residents are moving out of khoroo with old yurt buildings and poor quality of life, but almost half of them are still living there