The article deals with revealing the volcanic and postvolcanic activity on the thermal infrared images of high spatial resolution (ASTER, TM, ETM +, TIRS) and mapping based on the results of their interpretation. Active volcanoes of the temperate and subpolar zones of the Northern Hemisphere are considered: volcanoes of the Kuril Islands, Kamchatka peninsula and the island of Iceland. During the work, maps of ash fields, of thermal anomalies, lava flows, and land surface temperature maps were compiled. The maps compiled using the results of thermal satellite images interpretation illustrate the spatiotemporal variability of the thermal fields of volcanic regions, they enable examining the dynamics of effusive processes during volcano activity and the changeability of the area covered by lava during previous eruptions in different periods. Using the thermal satellite images, it is possible to determine types of eruptions (explosive or effusive). Other channels, besides the thermal one, can be used to create synthesized images that are informative in the view of revealing some features of volcanic eruptions.