Modern technologies for offshore marine geodetic surveys are discussed. Modern offshore surveys technologies are based on Global Positioning Systems and Acoustic Positioning Systems. Current trend in offshore survey technologies is the use of Underwater Vehicles equipped with Multibeam echo sounders and Bathymetric Sonars. The necessity for national Standard for offshore marine geodetic surveys is emphasized.
(2010) Modem technology of marine and geodetic survey for offshore industry. Geodesy and cartography = Geodezia i Kartografia, 71(6), pp. 51-56. (In Russian).