Within the framework of forming paradigms of the geodesy of the 21st century it is executed the analysis of the principles of the modern geodesy. With provision for methodological triad “subject - a method - an object” and history laws of the development of the geodesy are worded positions, concerning the subject of the geodesy. On the new level of the system are presented the problems of the geodesy, its method. It is introduced the notion of structure elements (the point, line, surface), allowing on modern abstract level to formulate the decision of the problems of the geodesy, equally satisfying understanding its past and present. It is brought the postulates, carrying in determined subject frames (with provision for method) for understanding the geodesy.