The paper presents the results as concerns investigation of vertical refraction effect on digital leveling. According to the research the effect of vertical refraction on the rod reading is less in case of high-precision digital leveling as compared with that of optical micrometer, even with the collimating ray height over the surface being 50 cm.
(2011) Investigation of refraction impact on leveling results using digital levels. Geodesy and cartography = Geodezia i Kartografia, 72(5), pp. 3-9. (In Russian).